CSS Links
Links can be styled in a variety of ways using CSS.
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Styling Links
Any CSS attribute (such as color, font-family, background, etc.) can be used to style links.
Example
a {
color: hotpink;
}
In addition, links can be styled differently depending on what state they are in.
The four links states are:
- a:link – a normal, unvisited link
- a:visited – a link the user has visited
- a:hover – a link when the user mouses over it
- a:active – a link the moment it is clicked
Example
/* unvisited link */
a:link {
color: red;
}
/* visited link */
a:visited {
color: green;
}
/* mouse over link */
a:hover {
color: hotpink;
}
/* selected link */
a:active {
color: blue;
}
There are several order rules to follow when establishing the style for multiple link states:
- a:hover MUST come after a:link and a:visited
- a:active MUST come after a:hover
Text Decoration
The most common application of the text-decoration attribute is to eliminate hyperlink underlines:
Example
a:link {
text-decoration: none;
}
a:visited {
text-decoration: none;
}
a:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
}
a:active {
text-decoration: underline;
}
Background Color
Links can have their background color specified using the background-color property:
Example
a:link {
background-color: yellow;
}
a:visited {
background-color: cyan;
}
a:hover {
background-color: lightgreen;
}
a:active {
background-color: hotpink;
}
Link Buttons
This example shows a more sophisticated example of how to display links as boxes or buttons by combining multiple CSS properties:
Example
a:link, a:visited {
background-color: #f44336;
color: white;
padding: 14px 25px;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none;
display: inline-block;
}
a:hover, a:active {
background-color: red;
}
More Examples
Example
This example demonstrates how to add other styles to hyperlinks:
a.one:link {color: #ff0000;}
a.one:visited {color: #0000ff;}
a.one:hover {color: #ffcc00;}
a.two:link {color: #ff0000;}
a.two:visited {color: #0000ff;}
a.two:hover {font-size: 150%;}
a.three:link {color: #ff0000;}
a.three:visited {color: #0000ff;}
a.three:hover {background: #66ff66;}
a.four:link {color: #ff0000;}
a.four:visited {color: #0000ff;}
a.four:hover {font-family: monospace;}
a.five:link {color: #ff0000; text-decoration: none;}
a.five:visited {color: #0000ff; text-decoration: none;}
a.five:hover {text-decoration: underline;}
Example
Another example of how to create link boxes/buttons:
a:link, a:visited {
background-color: white;
color: black;
border: 2px solid green;
padding: 10px 20px;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none;
display: inline-block;
}
a:hover, a:active {
background-color: green;
color: white;
}
Example
This example demonstrates the different types of cursors (can be useful for links):
<span style="cursor: auto">auto</span><br>
<span style="cursor: crosshair">crosshair</span><br>
<span style="cursor: default">default</span><br>
<span style="cursor: e-resize">e-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor: help">help</span><br>
<span style="cursor: move">move</span><br>
<span style="cursor: n-resize">n-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor: ne-resize">ne-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor: nw-resize">nw-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor: pointer">pointer</span><br>
<span style="cursor: progress">progress</span><br>
<span style="cursor: s-resize">s-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor: se-resize">se-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor: sw-resize">sw-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor: text">text</span><br>
<span style="cursor: w-resize">w-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor: wait">wait</span>
